Atractylenolide III is a sesquiterpene that has been isolated from Atractylodes and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, pro- and anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties.It inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 , TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by LPS from RAW264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 50 µM.Atractylenolide III (100 µM) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as increases caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in A549 human lung carcinoma cells.However, in primary embryonic mouse cerebral cortical neurons, it inhibits glutamate-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation when used at a concentration of 40 µM. It inhibits angiogenesis in an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.Atractylenolide III (0.6 mg/kg per day) also decreases the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze in a rat model of learning deficits induced by high-dose homocysteine.

C₁₅H₂₀O₃

DMSO