Cycloastragenol and astragaloside IV can suppress ROS-associated ER stress and then inhibit TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation with regulation of AMPK activity, and thereby ameliorate endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and reducing cell apoptosis. Cycloastragenol stimulates telomerase activity in human neonatal keratinocytes and rat neuronal cells, and induces CREB activation followed by tert and bcl2 expression, cycloastragenol may have a novel therapeutic role in depression.  Cycloastragenol can suppress the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplet in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.  Cycloastragenol and astragaloside IV have been shown to improve the proliferative response of CD8+ T lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients by upregulating telomerase activity, they also may exert their cellular effects through the activation of the Src/MEK/ERK pathway.  Cycloastragenol can remarkably inhibit CYP3A4 and activate CYP2E1 in rats.  Cycloastragenol has been shown to extend T cell proliferation by increasing telomarase activity showing that it may also help delay the onset of cellular aging; it is an extraordinary wound healing agent; it inhibits the apoptosis of PC12 induced by 6-OHDA, may be as potential neuroprotective agents in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.